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<title>Fulcher of Chartres</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulcher of Chartres</span></span>

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<p><b>Fulcher of Chartres</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1059</span> in or near <a href="Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMallett2011401_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMallett2011401-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – after 1128; <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Foucher de Chartres</i>; <a href="Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Fulcherus Carnotensis</i>) was a priest who participated in the <a href="First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. He served <a href="Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I of Jerusalem</a> for many years and wrote a <a href="Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> chronicle of the Crusade.

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<p>Fulcher was born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1059</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His appointment as chaplain of <a href="Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Boulogne</a> in 1097 suggests that he had been trained as a priest, most likely at the <a href="School_of_Chartres" title="School of Chartres">school of Chartres</a>. However, he was probably not a member of the cathedral chapter, since he is not named in the listing of the <i>Dignitaries of the Church of Our Lady of Chartres</i>.

</p><p>The details of the <a href="Council_of_Clermont" title="Council of Clermont">Council of Clermont</a> of 1095, in his history, suggest he attended the council personally,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or knew someone who did; perhaps <a href="Ivo_of_Chartres" title="Ivo of Chartres">Ivo, Bishop of Chartres</a>, who influenced Fulcher's opinions on Church reform and the <a href="Investiture_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Investiture controversy">investiture controversy</a> with the <a href="Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.

</p><p>Fulcher was part of the entourage of Count <a href="Stephen_II_of_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen II of Blois">Stephen II of Blois</a> and Duke <a href="Robert_Curthose" title="Robert Curthose">Robert Curthose</a> of Normandy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made its way through southern <a href="France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in 1096, crossing into the <a href="Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> from <a href="Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> and arriving in <a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 1097, where they joined with the other armies of the <a href="First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. He travelled through <a href="Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> to <a href="Marash" class="mw-redirect" title="Marash">Marash</a>, shortly before the army's arrival at <a href="Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> in 1097, where he was appointed chaplain to <a href="Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Boulogne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He followed his new lord after Baldwin split off from the main army, to Edessa,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Baldwin founded the <a href="County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">county of Edessa</a>.

</p><p>After the <a href="Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">conquest of Jerusalem</a> in 1099 Fulcher and Baldwin travelled to the city to complete their pilgrimage. When Baldwin became <a href="Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">king of Jerusalem</a> in 1100, Fulcher came with him to <a href="Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and continued as his chaplain until Baldwin died in 1118.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Fulcher accompanied King Baldwin at the <a href="Battle_of_Ramla_(1101)" title="Battle of Ramla (1101)">Battle of Ramla</a> in 1101, ministering to the king before the battle. He described the battle, "the number of foe was so great they swarmed over us so quickly that hardly anyone could see or recognize anyone else." Although the Crusaders were routed at first, Baldwin committed his reserves and lead the counter charge himself and defeated the Muslim force.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At that time, Fulcher may have been serving as Prior at the Mount of Olives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1115 he was the <a href="Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">canon</a> of the <a href="Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, possibly attached to the <a href="Canons_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Holy Sepulchre">Canons of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, and was probably responsible for the <a href="Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> and treasures in the church. Fulcher was a resident of Jerusalem at least through 1127, but nothing further is known of him.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronicle">Chronicle</h2></div>

<p>Fulcher wrote his chronicle of the Crusade <i><a href="Gesta_Francorum_Iherusalem_peregrinantium" title="Gesta Francorum Iherusalem peregrinantium">Gesta Francorum Iherusalem Peregrinantium</a></i> (A history of the expedition to Jerusalem) in three books.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-90_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-90-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started writing it in 1101 and finished around 1128.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chronicle is considered among the best records of the crusade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in the chronicle is his account of <a href="Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a>'s November 1095 speech at the Council of Clermont where Urban calls for the First Crusade:

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<blockquote><p>[Your] brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them. For, as the most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania [the Greek empire] as far west as the shore of the Mediterranean and the Hellespont, which is called the Arm of St. George. They have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians, and have overcome them in seven battles. They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire. If you permit them to continue thus for awhile with impurity, the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked by them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote>

<p>At the earliest, Fulcher began his chronicle in the late autumn of 1100, or at the latest in the spring of 1101, in a version that has not survived but which was transmitted to <a href="Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during his lifetime. This version was completed around 1106 and was used as a source by <a href="Guibert_of_Nogent" title="Guibert of Nogent">Guibert of Nogent</a>, a contemporary of Fulcher in Europe.

</p><p>He began his work at the urging of his travelling companions, who probably included Baldwin I. He had at least one library in Jerusalem at his disposal, from which he had access to letters and other documents of the crusade. In this library the <i>Historia Francorum</i> of <a href="Raymond_of_Aguilers" title="Raymond of Aguilers">Raymond of Aguilers</a> and the <i><a href="Gesta_Francorum" title="Gesta Francorum">Gesta Francorum</a></i> must also have been available, which served as sources for much of the specific information in Fulcher's work that he did not personally witness.

</p><p>Fulcher divided his chronicle into three books. Book I described the preparations for the First Crusade in Clermont in 1095 up to the conquest of Jerusalem and the establishment of the <a href="Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> by <a href="Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a>. It included an enthusiastic description of <a href="Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. The second book described the deeds of Baldwin I, who succeeded Godfrey and was <a href="King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">king of Jerusalem</a> from 1100 to 1118. The third and final book reported on the life of king <a href="Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin II</a>, until 1127 when there was a <a href="Pandemic" title="Pandemic">plague</a> in Jerusalem, during which Fulcher apparently died. The second and third books were written from around 1109 to 1115, and from 1118 to 1127, compiled into a second edition by Fulcher himself.

</p><p>Fulcher's work was used by many other chroniclers who lived after him. <a href="William_of_Tyre" title="William of Tyre">William of Tyre</a> and <a href="William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a> used part of the chronicle as a source. His chronicle is generally accurate, though not entirely so. It was published in the <i><a href="Recueil_des_historiens_des_croisades" title="Recueil des historiens des croisades">Recueil des historiens des croisades</a></i> and the <a href="Patrologia_Latina" title="Patrologia Latina">Patrologia Latina</a>, and a critical edition of the Latin version was published by Heinrich Hagenmeyer in 1913.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMallett2011401-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMallett2011401_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMallett2011">Thomas & Mallett 2011</a>, p. 401.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeters1971">Peters 1971</a>, p. 23.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land</i>, pg 129</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-90-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters197123-90_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeters1971">Peters 1971</a>, p. 23-90.</span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/urban2-5vers.asp">"Urban II (1088-1099): Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, Five versions of the Speech"</a>. <i>Medieval Sourcebook</i>. Fordham University. 2019-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFPeters1971" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Edward, ed. (1971). <i>The First Crusade</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0812210174</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Riley-Smith, Jonathan, <i>The First Crusaders, 1095-1131</i>, Cambridge University Press, London, 1997</li>

<li>Runciman, Steven, <i>A History of the Crusades, Volume One: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, Cambridge University Press, London, 1951</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFThomasMallett2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, David; Mallett, Alex, eds. (2011). <i>Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History, (1050-1200)</i>. Vol. 3. Brill.</cite></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Fulcher of Chartres, 'Chronicle', tr. M. E. McGinty, in <i>The First Crusade: the Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials</i>, ed. e. Peters (2nd. ed. 1998), p. 47-101.</li>

<li>Fulcher of Chartres, <i>A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127</i>, trans. Francis Rita Ryan, ed. Harold S. Fink, 1969.</li>

<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historiahierosol00foucuoft">Fulcheri Carnotensis Historia Hierosolymitana (1095-1127)</a></i>, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer, Heidelberg, 1913.</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5630#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2836" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5630#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2836" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066347761">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49368569">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1819053">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCwqJBgtJ7f9vTt9M9Dq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118956043">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Foucher de Chartres, 1058?-approximately 1127"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50063050">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133247770">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133247770">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01164076">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV070017">Italy</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0058747&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX5175120">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1176671">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p152159630">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000286524&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwzt3s355r5k8b">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810600450005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text external" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/41946">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007261203405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10076905?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118956043.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118956043">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035616210">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/f5c358e3-878a-4de8-99d5-305663ff454d">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-10-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Fulcher_of_Chartres&oldid=1252865297">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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